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Between 1802 and 1945, Hue was the imperial capital of the feudal Nguyen Dynasty, which dominated much of southern Vietnam. In 1775 when Trinh Sam captured it, it was known as Phu Xuan. In 1802, Nguyen Phuc Anh (later Emperor Gia Long) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam, thereby making Hue the national capital. The French administration placed the boy emperor Duy Tan on the throne in 1907, replacing his father Emperor Thanh Thai who was opposed to French colonial rule and sent into exile. Hue remained the Vietnamese capital until 1945, when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated and a communist government was established in Hanoi.
The Tea Horse Road (Cha Ma Dao) was a network of mule caravan paths winding through the mountains of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet in Southwest China.<br/><br/> It is also sometimes referred to as the Southern Silk Road and Ancient Tea and Horse Road. From around a thousand years ago, the Ancient Tea Route was a trade link from Yunnan, one of the first tea-producing regions, to India via Burma, to Tibet, and to central China via Sichuan Province. In addition to tea, the mule caravans carried salt.<br/><br/> It is believed that it was through this trading network that tea (typically tea bricks) first spread across China and Asia from its presumed origins in Pu'er county, near Simao Prefecture in Yunnan.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II and are known for their flamboyant decoration and crowded seating. They have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Pietà (1498–1499) is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The work depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica (also known as the Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and informally as Manila Cathedral was originally built in 1581. The eighth and current incarnation of the cathedral was completed in 1958 and was consecrated as a minor basilica in 1981 by Pope John Paul II.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The original San Agustin Church was the first religious structure constructed on Luzon Island and was completed in 1571. The present church was fiinshed in 1604 and is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines; no other surviving building in the Philippines has been claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.<br/><br/> Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila. Nicknamed the 'Walled City', the fortified Intramuros was the full extent of the City of Manila and the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros, literally means 'within the walls'. Districts beyond the walls of Manila were referred to as extramuros, literally 'outside the walls.'<br/><br/> The city was located then along Manila Bay and south of the Pasig River entrance, before 20th-century reclamations obscured the city from the bay. Guarding the city is Fort Santiago, a citadel located at the mouth of the river. Construction of its thick defensive walls were started by the Spaniards in the late 16th century to protect the seat of the Spanish government from foreign invasions (most notably British and Dutch) and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The former Nanshi district, literally 'southern city', was the historic heart of Shanghai. It included the old, walled city as well as the nearby docklands on both sides of the Huangpu River. Shanghai County was established at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. A city wall was built to repel the Wokou, and this Ming Dynasty wall defined the extent of urban Shanghai for the next few centuries. In 1842, the area north of the old city was established as the British concession in Shanghai, which later became the Shanghai International Settlement. At the time, the concession was referred to by locals as the 'northern city' while the walled Chinese city was the 'southern city'. From this reference was later derived the name Nanshi or 'Southern city').